Sprained Ankle vs. Broken Ankle: How to Tell the Difference

Ankle injuries are common, whether from sports, a fall, or a simple misstep. But not all ankle injuries are the same. Knowing the difference between a sprained ankle and a broken ankle is essential to getting the right treatment and avoiding complications.

What Is a Sprained Ankle?

A sprained ankle occurs when the ligaments—tissues connecting bones—are stretched or torn.

Sprains range from mild to severe:

• Mild sprains may cause minor swelling and discomfort.
• Moderate to severe sprains can result in significant swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking.

Common symptoms of a sprained ankle include:

• Pain around the ankle joint
• Swelling and bruising
• Tenderness when touching the affected area
• Mild instability or difficulty bearing weight

Sprains typically heal with rest, ice, compression, elevation (R.I.C.E.), and sometimes physical therapy.

What Is a Broken Ankle?

A broken ankle, or ankle fracture, involves a crack or break in one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint: the tibia, fibula, or talus. Fractures often result from high-impact trauma, such as a fall from height, car accident, or severe twist.

Signs of a broken ankle may include:

• Immediate, severe pain at the injury site
• Noticeable deformity or bones out of alignment
• Significant swelling and bruising
• Inability to bear weight or walk
• Numbness or tingling in the foot

Unlike sprains, broken ankles usually require immobilization, bracing, or sometimes surgical repair to ensure proper healing.

How to Tell the Difference

While both injuries can cause pain, swelling, and bruising, key differences include:

• Severity of pain: Broken ankles are usually far more painful and sudden.
• Deformity: Visible bone misalignment suggests a fracture.
• Weight-bearing ability: Sprains may allow some walking; fractures often make walking impossible.
• Swelling speed: Rapid and severe swelling can indicate a break.

If you’re unsure, it’s always safest to seek orthopedic care. An X-ray or imaging study can confirm the diagnosis and guide proper treatment.

When to Seek Care

Prompt evaluation at a clinic like The Centers for Advanced Orthopedics – MMI Division is important for any suspected ankle injury. Early treatment can reduce pain, prevent long-term instability, and ensure proper healing. If you experience severe pain, deformity, or inability to walk, seek immediate care.

Not all ankle injuries are created equal. Understanding the difference between a sprained ankle and a broken ankle helps you respond quickly and get the treatment you need. At The Center for Advanced Orthopedics – Mid-Maryland Institute our team specializes in diagnosing and treating ankle injuries, so you can recover safely and return to your daily activities.