Joint Replacement (Arthritis)

Expert Arthritis Treatments in Frederick and Hagerstown

Arthritis is one of the leading causes of chronic joint pain and disability. There are multiple forms of the disease; however, all are associated with the breakdown of cartilage, which covers the ends of bones and provides for friction-free movement. Both the damage and discomfort caused by arthritis are often progressive in nature, worsening over the course of time as a result of extended wear. The team at Mid-Maryland Musculoskeletal Institute will assess and diagnose the specific type of arthritis present, as well as determine the level of subsequent damage present.

Types of Arthritis

There are three primary forms of arthritis reported for orthopaedic intervention and care: osteo-, rheumatoid, and traumatic. While varying in cause, all may contribute to the painful loss of optimal joint function.

Osteoarthritis is predominantly caused by gradual wear-and-tear, which contributes to the breakdown of the joints’ protective articular cartilage. Patients suffering from this type of damage are typically of middle age or older, as well as frequent participants in professions or activities (such as tennis) that require repetitive movements. In most cases, osteoarthritis will be first identified as a passing discomfort; however, over time, pain will become more consistent and severe.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a degenerative condition characterized by the swelling of the joint lining, as well as the production of destructive chemicals that breakdown the structural surface. While it does not appear to be hereditary in nature, specialists believe that a genetic “trigger” may be associated with development of the disease. Patients of all ages are susceptible to rheumatoid arthritis, which is initially characterized by inflammation, stiffness, and associated discomfort.

Traumatic arthritis will often originate with a specific injury event; however, the resulting arthritic symptoms may not become evident until years later. Athletes are especially susceptible to developing the condition, as impact-related fractures or other damage contribute to inherent joint instability, despite being considered initially healed.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

In diagnosing the presence of arthritis, the medical team will often begin by recording the patient’s health history, including specific details about the joint pain and disability experienced. Basic strength, flexibility, and range of motion tests will also be performed. If these initial efforts suggest the presence of arthritis, more in-depth efforts will likely be completed. Common approaches include an MRI, X-Ray, or blood tests. In some cases, an arthroscopic procedure will be utilized to further diagnose all forms of damage present.

Joint Replacement Surgery

In cases of extensive arthritic pain and disability, joint replacement surgery may be the best option for restoring optimal function and comfort. Whenever possible, minimally invasive techniques will be utilized; however, applicability will depend on both damage location (i.e. hip, hand, shoulder) and severity.

During joint replacement surgery, the diseased bone and cartilage are removed in order to delay or halt the progression of arthritic damage. These areas are then replaced by a metal and/or plastic prosthesis, which will provide for a smooth joint surface and the restoration of near-natural movement. Prosthetic components may or may not be secured using bone cement, depending on inherent stability and associated regrowth opportunities.

Post-Operative Rehabilitation and Care

In order to support appropriate healing, a plan for gradual rehabilitation will be outlined for patient use. Immediately following joint replacement, it will likely be important to immobilize and support the joint during movements, in order to avoid disruption of the prosthesis. In addition, a combination of pain and anti-inflammatory medications will be prescribed for more immediate symptom relief.

In most cases, formal physical therapy efforts will begin during the weeks immediately following the joint replacement operation. Initial efforts will likely focus on rebuilding flexibility and range of motion, as strength-focused exercises will be incorporated at a later date. Throughout this period, it will be important to complete regular checkups with the MMI team.

During the completion of joint replacement surgeries, the most advanced techniques and protocols are utilized to promote patient well-being and recovery success. While the risks associated with such procedures are minimal, it will be imperative to report any complications or concerns for immediate medical attention.

To learn more about the services offered at the Mid-Maryland Musculoskeletal Institute, or to schedule an appointment, contact the Frederick, MD office at (800) 349-9386.